Tibet-India Clause

From Wiki China org cn

China and England signed the Tibet-India Clause on December 5, 1893. England launched the first Tibet invasion in March, 1888, and forced the Qing Dynasty to sign the Tibet-India Treaty on March 17, 1890. In the treaty, the Qing government admitted Dremojong would be under the protection of England. The Treaty, however, had unresolved issues regarding trade and nomads. Representatives from the two sides began re-negotiating in the Clause. The Clause, which consists of 12 sections, is also known as the Tibet-India Option or the Tibet-India Negotiated Accessory Contract. The main points of the Clause are: China should open Yadong as a commercial port, allowing the English to conduct free trade; English dispatch officers should be permitted to settle in China; and free-tax trade can be conducted along the borders of Tibet, India and Dremojong for 5 years. The Clause also limited the rights of traditional nomads in Tibet. The Clause and Treaty are unequal agreements, due to the English forces and the compromise made by the Qing Dynasty. Some Chinese patriots against the English invasion refused to acknowledge these two agreements.