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| − | A component part of the CPC-led patriotic united front, China Democratic League (CDL) is a participating party in overall co-operation with the CPC. Based on high and intermediate level intellectuals engaged in culture and education as well as S&T work, it is a participating party featuring political alliance and dedicated to building socialism with Chinese characteristics.
| + | '''China Democratic League（中国民主同盟）''' |
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| − | Clandestinely established on March 19, 1941, the CDL was then called China League of Democratic Political Groups (CLDPG). At that time, the KMT-Communist co-operation was sabotaged due to the Southern Anhui Incident and the anti-Japanese national united front was beset with crises. The anti-Japanese political parties and personages outside the CPC and KMT cherished a burning desire to unite and persist in a united, democratic and anti-Japanese struggle. Thereupon, some members of the people’s political council set up the CLDPG based on the Society of Comradeship for United National Construction set up in November 1939. Participants included members of Chinese Youth Party, National Socialist Party (later renamed Democratic Socialist party), China National Liberation Action Committee (later renamed China Peasants’ and Workers’ Democratic Party), China Vocational Education Society, Rural Construction Association and other personages. They publicly elected Huang Yanpei chairman of the Central Committee. Huang soon resigned and Zhang Lan was elected. On October 10, 1941, Guangming Daily, organ of the CLDPG in HK, published a Declaration on the Founding of the CLDPG and its Program to cope with the Situation (“the Ten-Point Program” for short). In 1942 the All-China Federation of All Circles for Resisting Japan and Saving the Nation joined it and the League became a political party grouping three parties and groups. At the beginning, the political standpoint of the CLDPG consisted in implementation of the anti-Japanese stand, practice of democratic spirit and strengthening of domestic unity. In addition, it actively organized its members to take part in the democratic constitutional government movement in KMT-controlled areas.
| + | First established in November 1939, it took its present name in September 1944. At the time, it was a united political organization consisting of political parties and forces favoring the middle road and democracy. |
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| − | In September 1944 the CLDPG held its national congress at Chongqing and decided to rename the CLDPG as China Democratic League (CDL). The system of organizational membership was changed into one of individual application for membership. In October the same year it published The Political Stand at the Final Stage of the Anti-Japanese War in response to the call of the CPC for setting up a democratic coalition government. | + | In 1997 it adopted a constitution which stipulates that its program is to hold high the banner of patriotism and socialism, implement the basic line for the primary stage of socialism, safeguard stability in the society, strengthen services to national unity and strive for the promotion of socialist modernization, establishment and improvement of a market economy, enhancement of political restructuring and socialist spiritual civilization, emancipation and development of productive forces, consolidation and expansion of the united patriotic front and realization of the grand goals of socialism with Chinese characteristics. |
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| − | In October 1945 the CDL called a provisional national congress, or the first national congress, which adopted a Political Report, a Provisional National Congress Declaration, the CDL Program and the CDL Organization Rules. The congress produced the first Central Committee and elected Zhang Lan as chairman of the Central Committee. The congress put forward a definite political stand to fight against dictatorship and for democracy, to fight against civil war and for peace.
| + | China Democratic League is mainly made up by middle-level and senior intellectuals in the fields of culture, education, science and technology. It has a membership of 204,000 by the year 2009 and its chairman is [[Jiang Shusheng]] (蒋树声). |
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| − | In January 1946 the CDL took part in the Political Consultative Conference held in Chongqing. During the political consultative conference and the process of KMT-Communist negotiation, the CDL tried its best to achieve success in the peace talks in close co-operation with the CPC delegation. Meanwhile, it took part in and supported the student democratic movement and the struggle waged by the broad masses of the people against civil war, hunger and persecution. The KMT reactionaries killed a number of outstanding CDL members in the fight for democracy and freedom such as Li Gongpu, Wen Yiduo, Du Bincheng, Yang Bokai, and Yu Bangqi in cold blood. Especially in the fight against the National Assembly held illicitly by the KMT, the CDL took joint action with the CPC and rejected participation, and subsequently dismissed from its membership the Chinese Youth Party and Democratic Socialist Party that sold out to the KMT reactionaries.
| + | [[category: Political parties]] |
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| − | In October 1947 the KMT government flagrantly declared the CDL “an illicit organization.” In November, the CDL was compelled to dissolve its headquarters. The local organizations and members of the CDL turned over to underground struggle and its overseas organizations carried out activities energetically to continue the struggle against the KMT reactionaries.
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| − | In January 1948 the CDL called the third plenary session of its first Central Committee in HK, and set up a provisional headquarters. It openly declared joint co-operation with the CPC, and fought to completely smash the KMT reactionary government and achieve a democratic, peaceful, independent and unified new China. In May the same year the CDL, together with other democratic parties and groups, sent a circular telegram in response to the May 1 call of the CPC to convene the New Political Consultative Conference and form a democratic coalition government. In March 1949, the CDL headquarters moved from HK to Beiping. In September the same year, the CDL delegates attended the first plenary session of the CPPCC and participated in the preparations for the founding of the PRC.
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| − | After the founding of New China, the CDL took the Common Program adopted by the CPPCC as its own political program and under the leadership of the CPC, took an active part in building the people’s regime of New China and the management of state affairs, pushed forward the CDL members and other intellectuals it had been in touch with to study Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought in a bid to serve the cause of building socialism and played an important role especially in the development of the country’s culture and education. In February 1956 the CDL convened its second national congress, which set forth the slogan: Do everything for socialism! To implement the principle of long-term co-existence, mutual supervision and the policy of letting all flowers blossom and letting all schools of thought contend, the CDL played an active role and put forward a series of far-sighted opinions and recommendations on the question of intellectuals and on the questions of culture and education. In 1957, due to the “Leftist” error especially due to the expanded anti-Rightist movement, the CDL suffered severe setbacks.
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| − | During the “cultural revolution” the CDL organizations at all levels were compelled to stop their activities in consequence of the sabotage of the Lin Biao and Jiang Qing counterrevolutionary cliques. After the smashing of the “Gang of Four,” the CDL gradually restored its organizational activities.
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| − | Since the new historical period, the CDL, under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping’s theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, has adhered to the principle of long-term co-existence with the CPC, mutual supervision, treating each other with all sincerity and sharing weal and woe. It has persisted in the CPC-led multi-party co-operation and political consultation system, strengthened self construction, actively performed the functions of a participating party and contributed wisdom and strength to building China into a prosperous, democratic and civilized modern socialist country, to the consolidation and development of the united front in the new period and to the realization of peaceful unification of the motherland.
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| − | In October 1979, the CDL convened its fourth national congress, which decided to transfer the focus of CDL work onto the track of serving socialist modernization drive. During the new historical period, the CDL has taken an active part in the state political activity, participated in economic construction, in cultural and educational development, and in the consultation and discussion of major issues in other fields. It has participated in the formulation and implementation of state major principles, policies and laws and regulations, performed the functions of a participating party in discussing and governing state affairs and democratic supervision. Meanwhile it has further stimulated the enthusiasm of CDL members and other intellectuals it has kept in contact with, organized and mobilized them to study Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, and Deng Xiaoping’s theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. On the basis of handling well their own jobs, it has adopted multiple forms to develop activities focusing on intellectual development and geared up to the needs of society, and serving the modernization of agriculture, industry, science and technology and national defense. Meanwhile the CDL has witnessed great development organizationally. In 1983 to 2002 the CDL held its 5th to 9th national congresses and tirelessly adhered to and improved the CPC-led multiple party co-operation and political consultation system, pushed the development of socialist political democracy and legal institutions and strengthened participating party mechanism.
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| − | During this period of time, the CDL Central Committee called for giving advices and methods, doing good and practical things for economic construction. Through practice it blazed a new trail in tapping CDL intellectual resources and in partaking of formulating and implementing state and regional economic social development plans. It made quite a lot of beneficial probe especially into educational reform and poverty alleviation in intellectual development.
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| − | The political program of CDL differs in content in different historical periods. The CDL Constitution adopted by the 9th CDL National Congress held in December 2002 stipulates that the CDL shall hold aloft the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory, conscientiously study and implement the important thought of Three Represents and practically perform its functions as a participating party. In the present period and for a period of time to come, the CDL will hold high the banner of patriotism and socialism, unswervingly persevere in the basic line of the primary socialist stage to focus on economic construction, persist in the four cardinal principles and reform and opening up and promote great solidarity and great alliance. The whole CDL will fight for the completion of the three major historical missions of pushing the modernization drive, accomplishing unification of the motherland, and defending world peace. It will keep abreast with the times, and strive to make new contributions to the building of an overall better off society and to the acceleration of the socialist modernization.
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| − | Previous CDL Central Committee chairpersons were Huang Peiyan, Zhang Lan, Shen Junru, Yang Mingxuan, Shi Liang, Hu Yuzhi (acting), Chu Tunan, Fei Xiaotong, and Ding Shisun. Incumbent honorary chairmen are Fei Xiaotong, Qian Weichang, Tan Jiazhen, Su Buqing, and Ding Shisun, and incumbent chairman, Jiang Shusheng. In 1986 the CDL set up a central councilor committee with Su Buqing as the director (the central councilor committee was cancelled in November 1997).
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| − | By the end of 2005, the CDL had a total membership of over 175,000. Of this total, those in higher education accounted for 25.1%, ordinary education accounted for 34.3%, culture, art and press for 6.1%, S&T for 10.8%, medicine for 8.0%. There were 30 provincial organizations and 391 municipal and county level organizations. Among CDL members there were nearly 16,000 people’s deputies to people’s congresses at all levels and CPPCC committees at all levels, more than 600 members assuming leading posts at government departments at and above the county level. There were also members who served as special inspectors, special supervisors, special auditors and special education supervisors. There were many CDL members who made outstanding contributions at their professional posts and enjoyed international reputation or won state commendation.
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| − | The CDL Central Committee runs Central Committee Information, an organ for home consumption and a monthly. Remarks from the Ranks and Files for open circulation home and abroad. It runs the Qunyan Publishing House.
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| − | [[category:politics]] | |
China Democratic League（中国民主同盟）
First established in November 1939, it took its present name in September 1944. At the time, it was a united political organization consisting of political parties and forces favoring the middle road and democracy.
In 1997 it adopted a constitution which stipulates that its program is to hold high the banner of patriotism and socialism, implement the basic line for the primary stage of socialism, safeguard stability in the society, strengthen services to national unity and strive for the promotion of socialist modernization, establishment and improvement of a market economy, enhancement of political restructuring and socialist spiritual civilization, emancipation and development of productive forces, consolidation and expansion of the united patriotic front and realization of the grand goals of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
China Democratic League is mainly made up by middle-level and senior intellectuals in the fields of culture, education, science and technology. It has a membership of 204,000 by the year 2009 and its chairman is Jiang Shusheng (蒋树声).
