Bitcoin
Bitcoin (比特币) is an open source peer-to-peer cryptocurrency that enables anonymous and relatively secure transactions without any centralized authority.
The concept is introduced by pseudonymous developer Satoshi Nakamoto in November 2008. Bitcoin units are created by complex computer algorithm based on a set of cryptography codes and function without the intermediation of a central authority. Managing transactions and issuing money are carried out collectively by the network.
Bitcoin verifies transactions with the same state-of-the-art encryption that is used in military and government applications to prevent double-spending.
Once validated, every individual transaction is permanently recorded in a public ledger known as the blockchain
Bitcoins are stored by associating them with addresses called "wallets." Wallets can be stored on web services, on local hardware like PCs and mobile devices, or on paper print-outs.
As Bitcoin can be transferred through computers or smartphones without an intermediate financial institution, it is now accepted in trade by merchants and individuals in many parts of the world.
Like gold, bitcoins are valuable because of their scarcity. Bitcoin’s money supply is limited to 21 million of units. The total number of Bitcoins in circulation just hit 10.5 million.
On October 28, 2013, the world's first Bitcoin ATM has opened at a coffee shop in Vancouver, Canada - the machine allows users to exchange their credits of the digital currency for cash and vice-versa.
The machine is operated by the bitcoin exchange companies Bitcoiniacs and Robocoin, and performs transactions after a palm and ID scan. Four more ATMs are planned for the country in the near future.
Bitcoin came to the Chinese public eye in April 2013, when movie star Jet Li's One Foundation received a donation of several hundred Bitcoin units to help quake-stricken Sichuan.
The virtual currency has been heating up ever since. On November 18, 2013, the country's largest Bitcoin trading platform, BTC China, received an investment of $5 million dollars. The platform's daily volume of business has exceeded 10,000 Bitcoin, or over 200 million yuan ($33 million) now.
